Development, Preliminary Evidence of Content Validity, and Semantic Adaptation of a Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices Questionnaire for the Prevention of Chronic Kidney Disease
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.63969/7zbyy293Keywords:
health knowledge, attitudes and practice, chronic kidney disease, health education, validation study, health literacyAbstract
This study aimed to develop the Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices Questionnaire for Chronic Kidney Disease Prevention (KAP-CKD), estimate preliminary evidence of content validity, and document its semantic adaptation for adults with diabetes mellitus, hypertension, or both conditions receiving care at the primary healthcare level. A quantitative methodological study was conducted in which four experts evaluated 41 unique items using Aiken’s V, assessing clarity, relevance, wording and pertinence. Subsequently, a semantic adaptation was undertaken during the preliminary application, resulting in the final Version 2/1 comprising 44 items. A total of 651 valid ratings were analysed, yielding an overall weighted Aiken’s V coefficient of 0.938; thirty-eight items achieved values of ≥0.80, while three required revision. The findings demonstrate satisfactory evidence of content validity and improved comprehensibility of the instrument, providing a robust foundation for future evaluations of its internal structure, reliability and other psychometric properties prior to its application in research and clinical practice.
Downloads
References
Almanasreh, E., Moles, R., & Chen, T. F. (2019). Evaluation of methods used for estimating content validity. Research in Social and Administrative Pharmacy, 15(2), 214–221. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sapharm.2018.03.066
Bujang, M. A., Omar, E. D., Foo, D. H. P., & Hon, Y. K. (2024). Sample size determination for conducting a pilot study to assess reliability of a questionnaire. Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics, 49(1), e3. https://doi.org/10.5395/rde.2024.49.e3
Courville, K., Bustamante, N., Hurtado, B., Pecchio, M., Rodríguez, C., Núñez-Samudio, V., & Landires, I. (2022). Chronic kidney disease of nontraditional causes in central Panama. BMC Nephrology, 23, 275. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12882-022-02907-3
de Boer, I. H., Khunti, K., Sadusky, T., Tuttle, K. R., Neumiller, J. J., Rhee, C. M., Rosas, S. E., Rossing, P., & Bakris, G. (2022). Diabetes management in chronic kidney disease: A consensus report by the American Diabetes Association and Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes. Diabetes Care, 45(12), 3075–3090. https://doi.org/10.2337/dci22-0027
GBD 2023 Chronic Kidney Disease Collaborators. (2025). Global, regional, and national burden of chronic kidney disease, 1990–2023: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2023. The Lancet, 406(10518), 2461–2482. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(25)01853-7
Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) CKD Work Group. (2024). KDIGO 2024 clinical practice guideline for the evaluation and management of chronic kidney disease. Kidney International, 105(4S), S117–S314. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.kint.2023.10.018
Kövesdy, C. P. (2022). Epidemiology of chronic kidney disease: An update 2022. Kidney International Supplements, 12(1), 7–11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.kisu.2021.11.003
Martos-Cabrera, M. B., Gómez-Urquiza, J. L., Cañadas-González, G., Romero-Bejar, J. L., Suleiman-Martos, N., Cañadas-De la Fuente, G. A., & Albendín-García, L. (2021). Nursing-intense health education intervention for persons with type 2 diabetes: A quasi-experimental study. Healthcare, 9(7), 832. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare9070832
McNeish, D. (2018). Thanks coefficient alpha, we’ll take it from here. Psychological Methods, 23(3), 412–433. https://doi.org/10.1037/met0000144
Moreno Velásquez, I., Castro, F., Gómez, B., Cuero, C., & Motta, J. (2017). Chronic kidney disease in Panama: Results from the PREFREC study and national mortality trends. Kidney International Reports, 2(6), 1032–1041. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ekir.2017.05.016
Moreno Velásquez, I., Tribaldos Causadias, M., Valdés, R., Gómez, B., Motta, J., Cuero, C., & Herrera-Ballesteros, V. (2019). End-stage renal disease—financial costs and years of life lost in Panama: A cost-analysis study. BMJ Open, 9(5), e027229. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-027229
Murdaugh, C. L., Parsons, M. A., & Pender, N. J. (2019). Health promotion in nursing practice (8th ed.). Pearson. https://www.pearson.com/en-us/subject-catalog/p/health-promotion-in-nursing-practice/P200000001677/9780137408603
Taylor, D. M., Fraser, S. D. S., Bradley, J. A., Bradley, C., Draper, H., Metcalfe, W., Oniscu, G. C., Tomson, C. R. V., Ravanan, R., & Roderick, P. J. (2017). A systematic review of the prevalence and associations of limited health literacy in CKD. Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology, 12(7), 1070–1084. https://doi.org/10.2215/CJN.12921216
Taylor, D. M., Fraser, S. D. S., Dudley, C., Oniscu, G. C., Tomson, C. R. V., Ravanan, R., & Roderick, P. J. (2018). Health literacy and patient outcomes in chronic kidney disease: A systematic review. Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation, 33(9), 1545–1558. https://doi.org/10.1093/ndt/gfx293
Terwee, C. B., Prinsen, C. A. C., Chiarotto, A., Westerman, M. J., Patrick, D. L., Alonso, J., Bouter, L. M., de Vet, H. C. W., & Mokkink, L. B. (2018). COSMIN methodology for evaluating the content validity of patient-reported outcome measures: A Delphi study. Quality of Life Research, 27(5), 1159–1170. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11136-018-1829-0
Ventura-León, J. (2022). Back to content-based validity. Adicciones, 34(4), 323–326. https://doi.org/10.20882/adicciones.1213
World Medical Association. (2025). World Medical Association Declaration of Helsinki: Ethical principles for medical research involving human participants. JAMA, 333(1), 71–74. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2024.21972
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Anabelsis Moreno, Israel Ríos (Autor/a)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Los artículos publicados en la revista se distribuyen bajo la licencia Creative Commons Atribución 4.0 Internacional (CC BY 4.0). Esta licencia permite a terceros descargar, copiar, distribuir, adaptar y reutilizar una obra, incluso con fines comerciales, siempre que se otorgue el crédito adecuado al autor original.
