Clinical Factors and Social Determinants Associated with the Development of Non-Communicable Diseases: Prevention Strategies and Integrated Care for Vulnerable Populations

Abstract

Non-communicable diseases pose a challenge to healthcare systems because of their association with clinical factors and social determinants that particularly affect vulnerable populations. This study aimed to analyse the clinical and social factors associated with the development of these conditions, as well as prevention and integrated care strategies designed to improve health outcomes among groups experiencing greater vulnerability. A qualitative documentary study with a descriptive and interpretative scope was conducted, applying the PRISMA 2020 guidelines to the selection of scientific publications. The findings identified hypertension, hyperglycaemia, dyslipidaemia, excess weight and physical inactivity as relevant clinical risk factors, alongside economic inequality, difficulties in accessing healthcare and food insecurity. It is concluded that prevention and control require strengthened primary healthcare, health education, continuous monitoring and community participation.